Sectionalism+and+Civil+War

Introduction to the Civil War
Our final unit this year will focus on the American Civil War. Throughout the unit, we will focus on some key questions regarding the war and its lasting effect on our country today.



First Confederate Flag

Later Confederate Flag used throughout much of the war and still to this day as a symbol of Southern culture

The Compromise of 1850
This compromise occurred in part because of the events surrounding the California Gold Rush. Further western expansion only widened the gap between the north and south. This compromise was the last time the Great Triumvirate of senators, Daniel Webster, John Calhoun, and Henry Clay remained involved in national affairs. Clay's apparent successor, Stephen Douglas, would ultimately work to usher in the compromise.

Fugitive Slave Law
Notice of an escaped slave by a plantation owner. What does this teach us regarding the view of slaves during this time?

The U.S. Commissioners assisted plantation owners in tracking down fugitive slaves.

Kansas-Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas
Stephen Douglas was a strong proponent of popular sovereignty to determine whether slavery might exist in the western territories. Popular sovereignty was first practiced in the Kansas-Nebraska territory in 1854.

"Bleeding Kansas" was the result of popular sovereignty as neither side would accept the results of the vote.

Violence between pro and anti slavery settlers soon erupted foreshadowing the American Civil War.

media type="youtube" key="oWww0YIf-JE" width="560" height="315" Bleeding Kansas

Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner- the north's viewof the south

John Brown- the south's view of the north

Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott sued for his freedom in a landmark Supreme Court case.

Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that Scott was still a slave regardless of his location in a free state or a slave state.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The 1858 election for Illinois senate featured Democrat Stephen Douglas running for re-election against Republican Abraham Lincoln.

Although Lincoln lost the race, he won the presidency... as in his performance in the debates elevated him to national prominence that he would use to win the election of 1860.

The Election of 1860
The breakdown of the 1860 presidential election.

"Dividing the National Map" political cartoon depiction of the election.

Civil War Battles
This great link on Civil War Battles provides helpful information and also shows the number of casualties. I recommend using this link to help you identify and select a battle that you will use for your battle map assignment.

**Fort Sumter** The bombardment of Fort Sumter officially began the United States Civil War.



Battle map of Fort Sumter.

Fort Sumter today

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Confederate commander Pierre Beauregard.

Union commander Robert Anderson.

The Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott's Plan to win the war was called the Anaconda Plan. You will need to know the three steps of the plan very well to aid your understanding of the war.

Civil War Facts
Most of the soldiers who fought on both sides of the war were very young. Military life of the Civil War was marked by the drill of training, waiting for battle, and the battle itself.

The Civil War saw the rapid development of technology which is one reason why it considered among the first modern wars in history.


 * ~ **Officer Rank Structure of the Union Army** ||
 * ~ [|Lieutenant General] ||~ [|Major General] ||~ [|Brigadier General] ||~ [|Colonel] ||~ [|Lieutenant Colonel] ||~ [|Major] ||~ [|Captain] ||~ [|First Lieutenant] ||~ [|Second Lieutenant] ||
 * ~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Union_army_lt_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_lt_gen_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army lt gen rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_lt_gen_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army maj gen rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army brig gen rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Union_army_col_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_col_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army col rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_col_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Union_army_lt_col_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_lt_col_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army lt col rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_lt_col_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army maj rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army cpt rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/100px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg width="100" height="40" caption="Union army 1st lt rank insignia.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Union_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.svg/100px-Union_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.svg.png width="100" height="40" caption="Union 2nd lt rank insignia.svg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Union_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.svg"]] ||

This great chart shows the organization of armies during the Civil War
 * ~ **Confederate Army officer rank insignia** ||
 * ~ [|General] ||~ [|Colonel] ||~ [|Lieutenant Colonel] ||~ [|Major] ||~ [|Captain] ||~ [|First Lieutenant] ||~ [|Second Lieutenant] ||
 * ~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg/100px-Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg.png width="100" height="51" caption="Confederate States of America General-collar.svg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Confederate_States_of_America_Colonel.png/100px-Confederate_States_of_America_Colonel.png width="100" height="29" caption="Confederate States of America Colonel.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Colonel.png"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederate_States_of_America_Lieutenant_Colonel.png/75px-Confederate_States_of_America_Lieutenant_Colonel.png width="75" height="33" caption="Confederate States of America Lieutenant Colonel.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Lieutenant_Colonel.png"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png/50px-Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png width="50" height="46" caption="Confederate States of America Major.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Confederate_States_of_America_Captain.png/100px-Confederate_States_of_America_Captain.png width="100" height="44" caption="Confederate States of America Captain.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Captain.png"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Confederate_States_of_America_First_Lieutenant.png/100px-Confederate_States_of_America_First_Lieutenant.png width="100" height="35" caption="Confederate States of America First Lieutenant.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_First_Lieutenant.png"]] ||~ [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Confederate_States_of_America_Second_Lieutenant.png/100px-Confederate_States_of_America_Second_Lieutenant.png width="100" height="23" caption="Confederate States of America Second Lieutenant.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Second_Lieutenant.png"]] ||

This chart shows the bloodiest battles of the war by number of casualties.

This chart compares the loss of life in the Ciivl War to other American wars.

Union and Confederate Currency
Salmon Chase on Union currency.

Confederate currency. Note the evidence of inflation.

**First Bull Run** The Battle of First Bull Run was the first real battle of the war.

Although the Union Army started strong, Stonewall Jackson held a key defensive position which allowed Confederate reinforcements to arrive on time and win the battle.

Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson.

Union commander Irvin McDowell.

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media type="custom" key="25787252" The Rebel Yell

Shiloh
The battle of Shiloh was a critical battle in the west. William Wallace and the Hornets Nest.

Shiloh saw extremely close combat in dense forests and terrain.

William Wallace

The morning of April 6- Albert Sidney Johnston's leads a surprise assault on the Union position.

After Johnston is killed the afternoon of April 6; the new Confederate commander Beauregard ends the attack late afternoon deciding to finish the Union Army off the next day.

Overnight Grant is reinforced by Don Carlos Buell and the Union Army reclaims their lost ground from the previous day.

General Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston.

New Orleans


Admiral David Farragut


 * The Monitor and the Merrimack**

Antietam- September 17, 1862
Lee's first invasion north was the battle of Antietam. Battle map of Antietam

Union commander George B. McClellan

Confederate commander of the Army of Northern Virginia Robert E. Lee

Burnside's Bridge at Antietam

General Ambrose Burnside





Lincoln and McClellan at Antietam

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After the battle of Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which ended slavery in territories conquered by the United States Army. The Emancipation established slavery as a reason for fighting the war and also allowed blacks to join the military.

**African Americans in the Civil War**
African Americans were allowed to fight on the northern side during the war. Their bravery and courage in battle gained them national attention and respect.

District of Columbia. Company E, 4th US Colored Infantry

[|The 54th Massachusetts] and their brave stand at Fort Wagner.

Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, commander of the 54th Masachusetts.

Fredericksburg- December 13, 1862


The Union Army and the failure of the pontoon bridges.

Marye's Heights, the scene of a strong Confederate defensive position at Fredericksburg.

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Chancellorsville
The friendly fire shooting of Stonewall Jackson at Chancellorsville overshadowed his otherwise stellar performance in the battle.













Vicksburg
The heavily fortified Confederate city of Vicksburg was the last obstacle toward full Union control of the Mississippi. Grant's victory at Vicksburg gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River. The Union siege lines

Union gunboats at Vicksburg demonstrated the North's naval dominance.

Gettysburg
The battle of Gettysburg is the landmark battle of the Civil War and one of the most famous battles in history. Gettysburg Day 1

Gettysburg Day 2. Notable events on this day included Joshua Chamberlain's famous downhill charge at Little Round Top.

Gettysburg Day 3

General George Meade was the Union commander at Gettysburg.



These two pictures show Pickett's Charge on the Union center.





The dead, an aftermath of the battle.

President Lincoln memorialized the sacrifice of the dead with the Gettysburg Address.

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Wilderness- May 5, 1864


Both of these pictures reflect the intense fighting in the heavily wooded Wilderness battlefield.

Cold Harbor




Sherman's March to the Sea
William Sherman's famous March to the Sea was a key event that contributed toward the end of the war. Despite some Confederate resistance, Sherman was almost completely successful.

William Sherman

Sherman's March burned 30% of the city of Atlanta to the ground.

Sherman's March to the Sea is an example of total war.

Political cartoon marking Sherman's success.

Appomattox
The war ended at Appomattox Course House on April 9, 1865.

This painting shows the surrender of Lee's army to Grant's.





Lincoln as a War President
Lincoln 1860

Washington's First Inauguration

Lincoln 1861

Lincoln 1862

Lincoln 1863

Lincoln 1864

Lincoln's Second Inauguration

Lincoln 1865

Lincoln and his family

Lincoln and his cabinet

Abraham Lincoln's assassination

The Lincoln Memorial today